11587 Timeout
The engine hours at the start of the most recent 11587 engine hour timeout. ( Detroit )
11587 Timeout
The total duration of all 11587 timeouts, in HH:MM:SS . Duration format. ( Detroit )
LADDER
The main track of a yard from which individual
tracks lead off. This track is also
called a lead track.
LADEN OR LADING
That which constitutes a full load, the freight in
a vehicle.
LANDAU BAR
A decorative, S-shaped ornament located on the :C:
pillar surface. Originally a functional S-curved hinge that allowed the rear
part of the roof of a horse-drawn carriage to be folded down.
LANDING GEAR
A slang term for the support legs that hold up the
front end of a semi trailer when it is disconnected from a tractor. See dolly.
LANDING SCARS
Any gouge, scrape, furrow, etc. Indicating the landing point of a vehicle
after a flip or vault
LANE LINE
A line separating two lanes of traffic traveling in
the same direction.
LAP WELD
Usually refers to resistance spot welding on
overlapping flanges.
LAST CONTACT
The final touching of objects in a collision before
separation; the time and place on a traffic unit or trafficway where this
touching occurs. If colliding objects
do not separate, there is no last contact.
Last Stop
Last Stop occurs when the vehicle comes to a stop for 15 seconds or longer. ( Detroit )
LATCH (switch stand)
A device for catching and holding the lever of a
switch stand in position; also called a switcher keeper.
LATERAL ACCELERATION
The sideward acceleration of a vehicle in a
horizontal plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle. The component of the vector
acceleration of a point in the vehicle perpendicular to the vehicle x-axis and
parallel to the road plane.
LATERAL
AXIS
The lateral axis is the axis that extends from the
left to the right and through the center of mass of a vehicle The lateral axis is perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis The lateral axis is
also known as the Pitch axis Rotation
about the lateral axis is considered to be in a clockwise direction when the front
of the vehicle initially begins rotation in a downward direction.
LATERAL DISTANCE
(dlat): A
displacement perpendicular to the direction of travel.
LATERAL FORCE
The lateral direction with respect to a vehicle is
the sideways direction The lateral
direction is parallel to the y-axis.
The lateral force is that portion of the friction force on the tires
which is directed perpendicular to the vehicle centerline.
LATERAL MOTION
The motion, crosswise of the track, of all car
parts except the wheels and axles. The
lateral motion, or end play, results from the flexibility which must be
provided in truck structure in order to permit easy and safe negotiation of
track curves.
LATERAL VELOCITY
lateral velocity
of a point in the vehicle is the component of the vector velocity
perpendicular to the x-axis and parallel to the road plane.
LAWFUL RATE
A rate published in conformity with the provisions
of the regulatory law and which does not violate any other provisions of such
law.
LAYDOWN SIDE FRAME
An automatic single tool system used to manufacture
the body side assembly employing a carry-and-drop shuttle, automatic part
locating and clamping, and spot welding performed with robots.
LAYOVER
To take a rest period of eight or more hours before
continuing trip, or any extended off-duty period away from the home terminal.
LAYOVER TIME
The non-working time that a road driver spends away
from his home terminal before being dispatched to some other destination.
LEAD TRACK
An extended track connecting either end of a yard
with main track.
LEAD-ACID BATTERY
A commonly used automotive battery in which the
active materials are lead, lead peroxide, and a solution of sulfuric acid. See storage battery.
LEAF SPRING
A leaf spring is
an assembly of one or more long,
thin, pieces of flat or slightly curved material (usually steel) The spring is capable of deforming in a
direction perpendicular to the plane of the leaves A leaf spring develops internal forces primarily owing to
bending deformations of the material.
LEAN
A deviation from the vertical plane (along the x
axis) of a motorcycle. The measurement
of this deviation is expressed in degrees.
The angle of the lean is 0 degrees when the motorcycle is in an upright
position. Sometimes referred to as the
roll angle.
LESS THAN CAR / TRAILER LOAD
The quantity of freight less than required for the
application of a full car / trailer rate.
LESS THAN CAR / TRAILER LOAD RATE
A rate applicably to a less than full load
shipment.
LEVEL I
Basic spec of vehicle customer definition.
LEVEL II
Engraving spec detail requirement (system test).
LEVEL III
Component/Material Spec.
LEVELS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION:
1. Reporting;
2. At scene extra data collection;
3. Technical follow up; 4.
Professional reconstruction; 5. Cause
analysis
LEVER ARM
The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation
to the line of action of the
force. Lever arm is also known as
moment arm.
LEVERAGE
This mechanical advantage obtained by use of a
lever or combination of levers.
LIFT
Lift is that force owing to a flow of a fluid
around a body which acts perpendicular to the flow For example, if a wind is directed against the front of ú
vehicle, then one of the forces it exerts on the vehicle acts upward--it tends
to "lift" the vehicle off the ground That force is called the "Lift".
LIFTOVER HEIGHT
The height to which luggage or other cargo must be
lifted to stow in trunk or rear compartment.
LIGHT ENGINE
An engine moving without caboose or cars attached.
LIGHT TRUCK AND VAN
(LTV) includes pickups, vans, and truck based
station wagons with GVW less than 10,000 pounds.
LIGHT WEIGHT
The weight of an empty freight car.
LIGHTER
A flat bottom boat usually used in inland
waterways.
LIGHTERAGE LIMITS
The limits of the area within which freight is
handled by lighters or barges under certain lightering charges, rules and
regulations.
LIGHTERING
The hauling of freight on lighters or barges.
LIMITED INVESTIGATION
Any collision investigated by the team in which the
teams investigation report is supplemental to an original report.
LIMITED SPEED
Not exceeding 45 miles per hour.
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
Mechanical action which resists the free working of
an ordinary differential, thus distributing a greater torque to the
slower-turning wheel or axle.
LINE DIES
Operations which follow the draw operations
consisting of various combinations of spanking, trimming, forming, flanging
and/or piercing. May also refer to the tooling for parts that do not require a draw
die.
LINE FILL
Assembly plant fill lines with next production
bodies prior to shut down (utilizing advance metal)
LINE HAUL
The movement of freight between major cities or
terminals. Line haul operations do not
include pick-ups or deliveries. Line
haul service is also commonly referred to as over-the-road (abbreviated OTR) operations or
"runs".
LINE OF IMPACT
She line of impact is the normal which is common to
two surfaces in contact
"Normal" in this context means perpendicular to another line,
or at right angles to it
LINEAR
Having one dimension and relating to straight lines
LINEAR ACCELERATION
Linear acceleration is the acceleration (whether
uniform or non uniform) of a body (or vehicle) which moves in a straight line.
LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS
Changes in position can be described in two
ways. They can be described with
reference to three directions or planes at right angles to each other; x, y,
and z. For example, a car going down a
straight road is moving in the x direction.
If it turns towards the edge of the road, it moves in the y
direction. If it goes over a hump back
bridge it moves upward in the z direction.
Alternatively changes in position can be defined by a radius from a
fixed point and the angle of that radius from a fixed reference. Angular measurements are most useful in
describing attitudes or changes in positions of objects which have finite size
such as a car or an occupant. For
example, the spinning of a car can be described in terms of the linear velocity
of its center of gravity moving down the highway, and the rotation of the car
about its center of gravity in terms of angular displacement measured in
degrees, and angular velocity measured in degrees (or radians) per second. (2
radians equal 360 degrees, so 1 radian equals 57.3 degrees.)
LINEAR MOMENTUM
A
vector quantity which is the product of a body's mass (m) and its velocity. The direction is that of the velocity. The unit of momentum is the slug ft/sec.
LINKAGE
System of links or levers joined to transmit motion
or force.
LIP MOLDING
A bright molding applied to the sheet metal around
the edge of a wheel opening.
LIQUID DEBRIS
Scattered liquids from a vehicle or its cargo;
spatter, dribble, puddle, runoff and soak-in.
LIVE AXLE
Same as drive axle or powered axle.
LIVE STOCK CAR
A special freight car for handling of live stock
animals.
LIVESTOCK BODY
Truck or trailer designed for the transportation of
farm animals.
Load
The percentage of power output where 0% is idle and 100% is full load in gear. ( Detroit )
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
Distribution of load on truck or trailer chassis.
LOAD FLOOR
The cargo bearing floor in wagon and folding second
seat style bodies.
LOAD LIMIT
The maximum load in pounds which the car or trailer
is designed to carry.
LOAD RANGE
A letter designation that indicates the load
permissible on the tire.
LOADED POSITION
Car height with 750-pound load.
LOADED RADIUS
(R ) is the
distance from the center of tire contact to the wheel center measured in the
wheel plane.
LOCAL RATE
A rate applying between stations located on the
same railroad or carrier.
LOCAL WAY BILL
A way bill covering the movement of freight over a
single carrier.
LOCK RING
In three-piece wheel rims, the lock ring holds the
side ring firmly on the rim base.
LOCKED WHEEL SKID MARK
A skid mark left by a braked, non-rotating wheel
sliding in contact with the road surface.
LOCKING CLIP
A device used in conjunction with a child car seat
to restrict the vehicle seat belt from slipping through the buckle.
LOCOMOTIVE
See engine.
LOG BODY
Truck or trailer body designed for the
transportation of long items. See pole
trailer.
LOG BOOK
Drivers' book records of hours, routes, etc.
Required by I.C.C.
LONG TON
2,240 pounds.
Also called gross ton.
LONGER COMBINATION
Usually refers to double 40-foot trailers or triple
27-foot trailers coupled to tractor.
LONGITUDINAL
Longitudinal means parallel to the longitudinal
center line of the vehicle.
LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION
The component of the vector acceleration of a point
in the vehicle in the x-direction.
LONGITUDINAL AXIS
The axis extending from the rear to the front and
through the center of mass of an object
The longitudinal axis of a motor vehicle will be parallel to its
sides. For use in the general
description of vehicle dynamics, the longitudinal axis may be considered the
roll axis of the vehicle. Rotation to
the drivers right, about the longitudinal axis, is considered to be clockwise
rotation.
LONGITUDINAL FORCE COEFFICIENT
(C x) is
based on the aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle in the x direction.
LONGITUDINAL SLIP
(percent slip)
The ratio of the longitudinal slip velocity to the spin velocity of the
free straight-rolling tire expressed as a percentage. NOTE: This quantity
should not be confused with the slip number that frequently appears in kinematic
analysis of tires in which the spin velocity appears in the denominator.
LONGITUDINAL SLIP VELOCITY
The difference between the spin velocity of the
driven or braked tire and the spin velocity of the straight free-rolling
tire. Both spin velocities are measured
at the same linear velocity at the wheel center in the X' direction. A positive value results from driving
torque.
LONGITUDINAL VELOCITY
(u) of a
point in the vehicle is the component of the vector velocity in the
x-direction.
LORRY
A small four wheel push car used in railroad
construction and maintenance work for moving rails, ties, etc.
LOUVER
A fin that controls the flow of air through and
opening in cab, hood radiator sheet, or compartment for the purpose of
ventilating. May also be non-functional in a simulated opening.
LOW BED
An open trailer with drop frame construction used
pet merrily to haul heavy equipment.
Also known as flat bed or low boy.
LOW BOY
See low bed.
LOW CAB FORWARD
A tractor with the cab mounted forward of the
engine to allow cab entry height to be reduced for ease of entry and exit.
LOW RAIL
The inner rail of a curve which is maintained at
grade while the opposite or outer rail is elevated.
LOW SIDE GONDOLA
A gondola car with sides and ends thirty six inches
high or less.
LOW-AIR-WARNING DEVICE
Any mechanical means of warning a truck driver that
his vehicle is not maintaining the proper amount of air pressure needed to
operate the brakes, etc. Can be a
buzzer, a flashing red light on the instrument panel, or a small red metal flag
that drops into the driver's line of vision.
LOWER BACK PANEL
Portion of body sheet metal below rear edge of
decklid.
LOW-PRESSURE INDICATOR
A unit or combination of units that provides a visible
or audible warning signal whenever the system pressure is below a predetermined
value.
LOW-PROFILE RADIAL
Aspect ratio of 80 (or 75) or less.
LPG
Liquefied petroleum gas, used as engine fuel.
LUMBER BODY
Platform truck or trailer body with rollers
designed for the transportation of lumber.
LUMINANCE
The state or quality of being luminous. Also called luminosity, the quality or
condition of radiating or reflecting light.
References
Detroit Diesel
Caterpillar User's Manual