C.G.
Center of gravity or point within the length and
width of a vehicle about which all the vehicle weight is balanced.
C/O
Carryover
CA
Distance from back of cab to centerline of rear
axle.
CAB
The space in a locomotive "A" unit
containing the operating controls and providing shelter and seats for the
engine crew.
CAB CARD
Uniform Identification Cab Card in which the
various State operating authorities and permit stamps are affixed. Called bingo card by drivers.
CAB OVER ENGINE CHASSIS
A cab over chassis is very short compared to a
conventional or cab forward chassis.
From a side view the driver
position would be atop or forward of the entwine position and engine service is achieved by tilting
the cab to expose the engine.
CAB SIGNAL
1) A device located in the cab of the locomotive
which indicates the condition of the track ahead, whether clear or occupied, by
a display of signals. 2) When equipped with automatic train stop... when a cab
signal indication requires a speed reduction and the train is permitted to
proceed at a higher speed, an audible warning will sound. If the engineer does not respond within a
time limit by reducing power and making a service brake application, the train
will automatically stop.
CAB-ALONGSIDE-ENGINE
A tractor in which the cab is located alongside the
engine (abbreviated CAE). Same as
cab-beside-engine.
CAB-BEHIND-ENGINE
A tractor on which the cab is located behind the
engine a conventional cab.
CAB-BESIDE-ENGINE
Same as cab-alongside-engine (abbreviated CBE).
CABIN
An automotive interior compartment.
CABOOSE
A car which is attached to the rear of freight
train for the accommodation of the conductor and trainmen as office and
quarters while in transit. Sometimes
called cabin car, way car, hack, shanty, or crummy.
CAD
Computer Aided Drafting (or Drawing)
CAFE RACER
A motorcycle with a high performance output and a
aerodynamically designed chassis for road racing.
CALIPER
A caliper as applied to disc brakes is the non rotational component of a disc
brake that straddles the disc and contains the hydraulic components that force
the frictional material against the brake disc.
CALL STATION
A person or company that agrees to transact
business for a trucking company in a given location, generally a location where
terminal facilities are not ,justified.
Call station handles calls from shippers but usually performs no freight
handling function. See agent
CALLER
An employee who notifies train and engine crews and
other employee to report for duty.
CAM DIE
A means of translating the normal vertical motion
of a die into horizontal or angular motion through the use of wedges.
CAMBER
Camber is the angle between the plane of the tire
and true vertical.
CAMBER ANGLE
The inclination of the wheel plane to the vertical.
It is considered positive when the wheel leans outward at the top and negative
when it leans inward.
CAMEL BACK BODY
Truck body with floor curving downward at the rear.
CAMERA-CASE
A textured, leather-like finish used in car
interiors, as on a glove box door. The name is derived from the dark-grained
leather used on expensive cameras.
"CAN'T MAKE" NOTIFICATION
A "Can't Make" Notification is initiated
by Preproduction Planning and Control (BAO) for any part(s) released by
Engineering which will not be available for the desired effective point (Job
No. 1, mandated date or added starter) at the Assembly plant or to support
required functional or training builds. This form is sent to Engineering for
direction as to substitution, rework or omission for the specified units or for
the authorization of premium funds for tooling, overtime or transportation to
support the desired effective points.
The Program Timing activity routes the "Can't Make" to the
affected Engineering Supervisor for response and follows the response to assure
promptness (48-hour response requirement) and appropriateness of direction and
obtains Executive approval and concurrence of the "Timing" Manager,
finally providing expedient delivery to BAO Preproduction.
CAPACITY (freight car)
The normal load in pounds, cubic feet in gallons,
which the car is designed to carry.
These figures are stenciled on the sides of cars.
CAPS
Cost per Average Pound Saved
CAR
Every motor vehicle, except motorcycle and motor
driven cycles, designed for carrying 10 passengers or less and used for the
transportation or persons.
CAR DISTRIBUTOR
A individual who is assigned the responsibility of
distributing empty freight cars.
CAR DUMPER
A device for quick unloading of bulk material such
as coal or grain. After being clasped
to the rail the car is tilted or rolled to discharge the lading.
CAR FLOAT
A large flat-bottom boat equipped with tracks on
which railroad cars are moved in inland waterways.
CAR KNOCKER
(slang) Car
inspector.
CAR LINE
A name denoting a family of vehicles within a make
which has a degree of commonalty in construction such as body, chassis, etc.
CAR LINING
Material placed on the walls of a car for the
protection of goods.
CAR MILE
The movement of a car the distance of one
mile. A term used in statistical data.
CAR STOP
A device for stopping motion of a car by engaging
the wheels, as distinguished from a bumping post which arrests motion upon
contact with the coupler of a car. See
bumping post.
CARBON MONOXIDE (C0)
A colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas,
produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel.
It is usually expelled by the exhaust system.
CARBURETOR
That part of the gas engine fuel system where
gasoline and air are mixed in controlled proportions.
CARD BOARD
A small board secured to the outside of a freight
car, on which are tacked cards giving shipping directions or warning of
dangerous lading etc.
CARD RACK
A small receptacle on the outside of a freight car
to receive cards giving shipping directions.
CARDAN UNIVERSAL JOINT
A non-constant universal joint consisting of two
yokes joined by a cross.
CARGO
The freight carried by a vehicle.
CARGO BARRIER
The panel between the luggage compartment and the
passenger compartment at the rear of the rear seat.
CARLOAD
The quantity of freight required for the
application of a carload rate.
CARLOAD RATE
A rate applicable to a car load quantity of
freight.
CARRIER
See motor carrier.
CARRIER'S LIEN
Right of a motor carrier to retain property which
ft has transported as security for the collect freight charges.
CARRYING TRUCK
Used for the transportation of the completely
welded body through subsequent operations, metal finish, paint and trim.
CARTAGE
The charge made for hauling freight.
CARTAGE ALLOWANCE:
See allowance.
CASE
A shell used to hold molds in their proper
alignment.
CASE HARDEN
Hardening of outer layer of an iron-base alloy
through heat treatment.
CASING
The tire structure, excepting tread and sidewall
rubber.
CAST WHEEL
A casting that includes the hub and spokes at the
end of which are studs, clamps and nuts that are used to support the rim.
CASTER
Amount of tilt in fore and aft axis of axle beam.
CASTER
Forward (or rearward) inclination of kingpin or
support arm of wheel ; amount of tilt in axle beam.
CASTER ANGLE
The angle in side elevation between the steering
axis and the vertical. It is considered
positive when the steering axis is inclined rearward (in the upward direction)
and negative when the steering axis is inclined forward.
CASTER OFFSET
The distance in side elevation between the point
where the steering axis intersects the ground, and the center of tire
contact. The offset is considered
positive when the intersection point is forward of the tire contact center and
negative when it is rearward.
CASTING
The shape formed by pouring or spraying a plastic
or liquid substance into a mold and letting the material harden. Also used to
describe the process itself.
CATENARY
A system of wires suspended between poles and
bridges supporting over contact wires normally energized at 11,000 volts.
CATERPILLAR ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN (CAT ET)
A diagnostic tool software program for a personal computer (PC). Designed to replace the ECAP service tool for Caterpillar diesel engines. (CAT)
The acronym for Caterpillar Electronic Technician Software. (CAT)
CATWALK
A depressed surface, usually between a fender and a
raised area of the hood or deck.
CAUSE
The combination of simultaneous and sequential
factors without any one of which the result could not have occurred. The result might be a motor-vehicle traffic
accident, or a successful trip.
CAUSE ANALYSIS
The effort to determine from whatever information
is available, including results of accident reconstruction, why the accident
occurred, that is, the complete combination of circumstances that caused the
highway transportation system to break down at the time and place of the
accident. Cause analysis has been
referred to as determining "indirect" or "condition"
causes. Level 5 of accident
investigation.
CCO
Climate Control Operations
CD
1) Master locating coordination drawing. 2) Casting
Division
CEMENT
See Portland cement concrete.
CENTER DUMP CAR
A car which will discharge its entire load between
the rails, or wheels.
CENTER LINE
The plane passing through the center of a
headlight, wheel or the vehicle itself.
CENTER OF GRAVITY
That point at
which the entire weight of an object
may be considered concentrated; that is, the line of action of the
body's weight passes through the center of gravity.
CENTER OF MASS
The single point within a body that responds
and is displaced in the same manner as
a point mass would respond and be displaced when subjected to the same external forces. The force (f) is the product of the mass (m)
and the acceleration (Acm) of the center of mass. Due to the uniform gravitational acceleration (g) acting on the
body, the center of mass and the center of gravity coincide.
CENTER OF PARALLEL WHEEL MOTION
The center of curvature of the path along which
each of a pair of wheel centers moves in a longitudinal vertical plane relative
to the sprung mass when both wheels are equally displaced.
CENTER OF TIRE CONTACT
The intersection of the wheel plane and the
vertical projection of the spin axis of the wheel onto the road plane.
CENTER PILLAR
Box construction used on four-door bodies forming
the front door body lock pillar and rear door body hinge pillar.
CENTER PIN OR KING BOLT
A large bolt which passes through the center plates
on the body bolster and truck bolster.
The truck turns about the bolt, but the stress is taken by the center
plates. It is, therefore, a mere pin
and not a bolt in the usual sense.
CENTER PLATE
One of a pair of plates which fit one onto the
other and which support the car body on the trucks, allowing them to turn
freely under the car. The center pin or
King bolt passes through both, but does not really serve as a pivot. The male or body center plate is attached to
the under side of the body bolster. The
female or truck center plate is attached to the top side of the truck bolster.
CENTER SILL
The center longitudinal member of the under frame
of a car which forms, as it were, the back bone of the under frame and
transmits most of the buffing shocks, from one end of the car to the
other. Freight with cushioned under
frames use a special type of floating center sill construction. See cushion under frame.
CENTERED FORCE
A centered force is directed through the center of
gravity of a vehicle. The term refers
to forces generated by ú collision.
CENTERED THRUST
A force directed toward the center of a mass of the
vehicle or other object in collision.
CENTIMETER (CM)
A metric measuring unit equal to approximately
0.390 inches.
CENTRAL COLLISION
A collision between two vehicles or ú vehicle and a fixed object in which the principle force is directed
essentially through the centers of mass of the involved vehicles.
CENTRIFUGAL CASTER
The unbalance moment about the steering axis
produced by a lateral acceleration equal to gravity acting at the combined
center of gravity of all the steerable parts.
It is considered positive if the combined center of gravity is forward
of the steering axis and negative if rearward of the steering axis.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
The force of a body in motion which tends to keep
it continuing in the same direction rather than following a curved path.
CENTRIFUGAL SKID MARK
See yaw mark.
Centrifugal Skid is a tire mark left by a rotating wheel that is
slipping sideways parallel to its axle.
The skid mark can vary in width from narrow band to a wide mark
depending on the attitude of the vehicle.
The skid mark will normally have striation marks perpendicular or
oblique to the direction of the mark and can be left by one or more tires and
will always be in a curve or arc. Also
referred to as yaw mark, critical speed scuffs ant side slip marks.
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
Centripetal acceleration is an acceleration toward
the center of a circle. It is present whenever an object (or vehicle) proceeds
along a circular path. If an object
proceeds along a curved path which is not a circle there exists the same
centripetal acceleration that would be present if the body were moving on the
circle which best fits the curve. Chain
binders A device used to remove slack
from chains used to tie down loads.
CEO
Chassis Engineering Office
CERTIFICATE OF PUBLIC CONVENIENCE AND NECESSITY
Authority or certificate granted by the Interstate
Commerce Commission to common carriers by railroad, motor vehicle, and water to
operate in interstate commerce.
CERTIFICATE OF WEIGHT
An
authoritative statement of the weight of a shipment prepared by a weigh master.
CETANE NUMBER
Rating applied to ignition properties of diesel
fuel the higher the number, the better
the ignition quality. See octane
number.
CHAIN - REACTION ACCIDENT
A series of two or more traffic accidents occurring
one after another in the same vicinity in such a manner that, after one
accident has reached a stabilized accident situation, its results contribute to
the occurrence of a subsequent traffic accident. If there is no clear indication that a stabilized accident
situation is reached, the series of
events is considered to be a single accident, although possibly a multi unit
accident.
CHAIN DRIVE
Rear axle driven by means of chain belt.
CHAMFER
A flat surface beveled or angled off from an
adjacent surface.
CHANGE IN VELOCITY
One way if describing the severity of a collision
is to assess the change in velocity which occurs. Two cars of equal weight each traveling at 30 m.p.h. having a
head-on collision will each have a change in velocity (delta V) of 30 m.p.h.,
ignoring any small amount of rebound which may occur. Similarly, a car hitting a rigid barrier at 30 m.p.h. will have a
change in velocity of 30 m.p.h., if rebound is ignored. Change in velocity can also be used as an
assessment of the severity of a blow to the human frame. Thus contracts by occupants in a frontal
collision can be analyzed in terms of localized changes in velocity separately
for the head, the chest and the knees making specific contacts with various
interior structures.
CHANNEL ROCKER
Frame-body design where the chassis frame fits
inside of an open rocker panel.
CHARACTER LINE
A line on the basic shape, resulting in an
intersection of planes and sometimes ornamented.
CHARACTERISTIC SPEED
That forward speed for an understeer vehicle at
which the steering sensitivity at zero lateral acceleration trim is one-half
the steering sensitivity of a neutral steer vehicle.
CHARGE AIR COOLING
The cooling of engine intake air after compression
by turbocharger.
CHARGE IT
(Slang)
Allow compressed air to flow into semi-trailer lines.
CHASING
Steering a tractor while backing so as to cause the
tractor to follow (i.e.; "chase") along the path of the trailer.
Combines with "jacking" to allow the trailer to be maneuvered along
the prescribed path. See ,jacking.
CHASSIS
The under part of
an automobile, consisting of the frame with axles, brakes, wheels,
engine, transmission driveline and exhaust system.
CHASSIS COMPONENT AND BODY PACKAGE LAYOUTS
Layouts which identify package constraints and
depict chassis components in their proposed environments. (This is the control
point for Mechanical Prototype availability.) Chassis drawn to LH side; body
drawn to RH side.
CHEAT
To exaggerate an element in a drawing or rendering.
CHECK A BLOCK
Seal totally squashed and door doesn't close.
CHECK VALVE
Device to automatically isolate one part of air
brake system from another. A one-way
check valve provides free air flow in one direction only. A two-way check valve permits actuation of
the brake system by either of two brake application valves
CHECKING FIXTURE
A tool used to qualify the accuracy of a production
stamping. Also used extensively in die tryout to indicate necessary tool
corrections.
CHEST LOADS
The accelerative forces (measured in
"G's" or "S.I.") which are applied to the center of gravity
of the upper thorax.
CHILD CAR SEAT
A portable seat placed in a vehicle to provide
restraint for small children and infants.
CHIP
A short, deep gouge; a hole in pavement made by a
strong, sharp, pointed metal object under great pressure, usually without
striations.
CHMSL
Center High Mounted Stop Light
CHOP
A broad, shallow gouge, even and regular on the
deeper side and terminating in scratches and striations on the opposite,
shallower side; a depression in pavement made by strong, sharp metal edge
moving sidewise under heavy pressure.
CHOPPER
A customized motorcycle in which the front wheel
has been "chopped off" and extended forward.
CHORD
(c): A line drawn between two points on the
circumference of a circle. A chord is
never greater than the diameter of a circle of which the arc is a part.
CIRCUIT (ELECTRICAL)
A path through which electrical current can
flow. A closed circuit provides a continuous,
unbroken path from a current source through various current consuming devices
back to the source (or a common ground;).
An open circuit occurs when the current path is interrupted or broken
either by an open switch or relay or by a broken wire or loose connection. A short circuit occurs when a damaged or
loose wire accidentally touches another damaged wire or some other conductive
material. Current then takes a "short
cut" to ground, bypassing part of its normal path. See grounded circuit,
CIRCUIT BREAKER
A device that automatically interrupts the flow of
an electric current when the current becomes excessive.
CIRCUITOUS ROUTE
An indirect route.
CIRCUS LOADING
A means of loading highway trailers by moving them
over the ends of the cars.
CKD
Completely Knocked down, or disassembled.
CLADDING
Large injection molded, plastic part attached to
lower section of door for protection and design.
CLAIM
(1) A demand for payment to compensate for freight
damage that is supposed to have occurred while the cargo was in the hands of
the carrier (2) A demand for refund of
an overcharge. See overcharge.
CLAIM AGENT
An employee who adjusts or settles claims made
against his company.
CLAIM TRACER
A request for information concerning the status of
a claim.
CLAIMANT
Person or company filing a claim.
CLAMSHELL TAILGATE
Refers to the station wagon tailgate design where
gate slides into the underbody and backlight slides into roof for access to the
cargo area.
CLASS A
Show surface.
CLASS B
Exposed when door opens.
CLASS C
Totally hidden.
CLASS I MOTOR CARRIERS
Carriers having average gross operating revenues
(including interstate and intrastate) of 55 million or more per year.
CLASS II MOTOR CARRIERS
Carriers having average gross operas trig revenues
(including interstate and intrastate) between $ 1 to $ 5 million per year.
CLASS III MOTOR CARRIERS
Carriers having average annual gross operating
revenues (including interstate and intrastate) of less than $ l million per
year.
CLASSIFICATION (FREIGHT)
A publication containing a list of articles and the
classes to which they are assigned for the purpose of applying class rates
together with governing rules and regulations.
CLASSIFICATION RATING
The class to which an article of freight is
assigned for the purpose of applying class rates.
CLASSIFICATION YARD
A yard where cars are grouped according the their
destinations and made ready for proper train movement.
CLAY APPROVAL
Approval by the Vice-President of the affected
Vehicle Group, of the visible attributes of the proposed vehicle. This is
accomplished by viewing physical properties, normally constructed in clay and
built in the Design Center (Styling). (Normally 24 months prior to Job #1.)
CLAY BUCK
Same as armature.
CLAY SQUEEZE
An impression made by forcing soft clay on an
object.
CLEAN BILL OF LADING
A bill of lading signed by the carrier for receipt
of merchandise in good condition (no damage, loss, etc. apparent), and which
does not bear such notation as "shipper's load and count."
CLEAN BORE TANK
A single tank without compartments inside.
CLEAR RECORD
A record which shows that a shipment was handled
without loss as damage.
CLEARANCE LIGHTS
The small lights that outline a vehicle's length
and breadth. The lamps at the front and
sides are amber those visible from the rear are red. Also called marker or running lights. Also see identification lights.
Required by the FMCSR. on vehicles 8O inches or more in width.
CLEARANCE OR CLEARANCE LIMIT
The limiting dimensions of height and width for
cars in order that they may safely clear all bridges, tunnels, station
platforms and other structures as well as equipment on adjacent tracks.
CLEARING HOUSE
An organization set up to process and collect bills
for participating trucking companies.
CLEAT
A strip of wood or metal used for additional
strength to prevent warping or to hold something in position.
CLO
Centerline of Occupant.
CLOCKWISE
Rotation in the same direction as the hands of a
clock.
CLOSING VELOCITY
The velocity of approach of two vehicles (measured
at each center of gravity) taken along a line between the centers at initial
contact.
CLUTCH
The part of the power train that allows the driver
to connect the engine to the wheels.
CLUTCH
Switch on the clutch pedal that disables cruise control when the clutch is applied. ( Detroit )
CMVSS
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
COACH JOINT
The butting of two pieces of metal, welding or
bolting to right-angle flanges.
COAL CAR
A car for carrying coal, usually a hopper car.
Coasting
Driving Time when the engine is disengaged from the vehicle ( Detroit )
Coasting Percentage
Coasting Time divided by Driving Time ( Detroit )
Coasting Time
The condition when Vehicle Speed is greater than 40 mph and Engine Speed is less than 40% of maximum rated RPM. ( Detroit )
COBBLED
Production car with experimental or design
components added or substituted. Often used to describe a component or model
put together quickly.
COD
See collect shipment.
CODE X BODY
A partial vehicle assembled of major body panels,
mechanically joined and certified to be within design tolerances. The assembly
is generally in a "blue-buck" mode with body design "grid"
lines scribed on the surface sheet metal to aid in controlling the assembly
accuracy. The Code X assembly is used to check the vehicle design and its
assembly feasibility.
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
(dynamic):
A number representing the resistance to sliding of two surfaces in
contact; the drag factor of a vehicle or other object sliding on a roadway or
other surface which is level; the force parallel to a surface required to keep
in motion an object sliding on that surface, divided by the force of the object
against that surface; measured in pounds per pound; often designated by the
Greek letter Mu.
COEFFICIENT OF KINETIC FRICTION
(uk):
Defined as the friction force (f) divided by the normal force (y) of one
surface sliding across another at a constant speed.
COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION
The coefficient of restitution is a measure of the
degree to which the total kinetic energy of two vehicles in a collusion is
dissipated by the collision; The ratio of
the rebound velocity to the impact velocity of two objects and measures the
amount of bounce. When two cars collide
they may bounce apart with no deformation (coefficient = 1.0) or they may
deform to a given extent (coefficient § 1).
The difference between the dynamic crush and static crush COR = [DYN CR
- STA CR]. The measured values are
typically between 10 and 20 percent.
COEFFICIENT OF STATIC FRICTION
(us):
Defined as the critical friction force (fc) divided by the normal force
(y), where fc is the friction force
when the object is on the verge of sliding.
COIL SPRING
Spring stock coiled in cylindrical form.
COKE BOTTLE
A double swell in the plan view contour. Looking
directly down on a car, the body is narrower in the middle section than over
the front and rear wheels.
COKE RACK
A slatted frame or box applied above the sides and
ends of gondola or hopper cars to increase the cubic capacity for the purpose
of carrying coke or other freight in which the bulk is large relative to the
weight.
COLD DEVELOPMENT
The development of a pattern blank by unfolding
flanged and warped surfaces using paper, tape and the wood model.
COLLECT SHIPMENT
A shipment where collection of freight charges and
advances are made by the delivering carrier upon delivery. Abbreviated as cod and commonly called COD
by truckers.
COLLINEAR COLLISION
A collision between two objects in which their
respective directions of travel are parallel to one another.
COLLISION
The coming together of two bodies resulting in an
abrupt change in motion of at least one of the bodies.
COLLISION COURSE
Motion of a traffic unit or other object which, if
continued without modification, will result in collision with another traffic
unit or other object. Objects are on a
collision course if the space between them is diminishing and the angle between
the path of either an a line between them is consistent.
COLLISION SCRUB
Skid marks-left by wheels momentarily kept from
rotating by forces of collision. The
marks are usually not more than 10 feet in length in same direction collisions
they tend to belong and straight. In
opposite direction collisions they are likely to be short and curved. They indicate the movement of the tire on
the road during encasement (impact) between the vehicle and some other object.
COLLISIONS - ELASTIC
A central collision between two bodies in which no
permanent deformation takes place and both momentum and kinetic energy are
conserved.
COLLISIONS - INELASTIC
A central collision between two bodies in which
there is permanent deformation.
Momentum is conserved kinetic
energy is not.
COLUMN PRESS
An upright press open at the front and back with
straight sides at the ends of the bed.
COMBINATION
Truck coupled to one or more trailers.
COMBINATION RATE
A freight rate made through rates by combining two
or more rates published in different tariffs.
COMBINATION THROUGH RATE
A through rate made by combining two or more rates
published in different tariffs.
COMBINATION VEHICLE
A truck or truck-tractor coupled to one or ,more
trailers, also referred to as a "rig." See rig.
COMBINED VELOCITY
(vc): The
result of integrating the velocities of a
series of events to obtain the starting or initial velocity.
COMBUSTIBLE
Able to catch fire and burn easily.
COMBUSTION
Burning.
COMMODITY
Any article of commerce. Goods shipped.
COMMODITY, EXEMPT
One that may be transported in interstate commerce
without operating authority or published rates.
COMMON CARRIER
A transportation business that offers service to
the general public. Interstate common
carriers must hold a franchise issued by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. This franchise limits
service to a specific geographical area.
Rates also are regulated. Routes
and schedules of regular common carriers are regulated by government agencies,
but irregular route common carriers may set their own without regulatory
approval. Most states also regulate
common carriers.
COMMON CENTER OF MASS
In any collision the common center of mass is
unaffected by the collision. The common center of mass will still be moving at
the same speed and direction after collision as it hat prior to collision.
COMMON VELOCITY
That velocity achieved by some point on both
vehicles at some time during the impact, often referred to as the velocity
achieved by both vehicles when both centers of mass are moving at the same
velocity.
COMPANION FLANGE
Circular flanged plate connecting driveshaft with
transmission or axle.
COMPARTMENT TANK CAR
A tank car with the tank body divided into several
sections for the purpose of carrying different commodities in each compartment
or smaller shipments.
COMPARTMENTIZER CAR
A box car equipped with moveable bulkheads which
can be used to divide the car into separate compartments.
COMPATIBILITY
The characteristic of a particular motor vehicle
which determines the degree to which protection is achieved for occupants in
that vehicle and for occupants in all other vehicles with which that vehicle
may collide, and for pedestrians and cyclist which may collide with that
vehicle.
COMPLETE COLLISION
A complete collision occurs when motion momentarily
ceases between some areas of the colliding objects while they are in contact
with one another.
COMPLEX DAMPING
Damping in which the force opposing the vibratory
motion is variable, but not proportional to the velocity.
COMPLEX REACTION
A choice between two or more possible reactions to
an unexpected hazard.
COMPLEX REACTION TIME
Complex reaction time is that reaction time
determined in cases where there are multiple stimuli each with its own
response. In these multiple choice
situations, where the stimulus may be simple but the number of choices is great
the reaction time increases with the number of choices. Complex reaction time is also known as
disjunctive reaction time.
COMPLEXITY
Complexity, as used in BEPE, refers to the number
of BAO-Assembly end items (including major parts and standard parts) that are
required to build Vehicle Line-up; the effect of color components is
incorporated. Complexity estimates are initially obtained from detailed
analysis of Redbook assumptions and are later modified by Product/Engineering Letter
program actions.
COMPLIANCE CHAMBER
The camber motion of a wheel resulting from
compliance in suspension linkages and produced by forces and/or moments applied
at the tire-road contact.
COMPLIANCE CHAMBER COEFFICIENT
The rate of change in wheel inclination angle with
respect to change in forces or moments applied at the tire-road contact.
COMPLIANCE STEER
The change in steer angle of front or rear wheels
resulting from compliance in suspension and steering linkages and produced by
forces and/or moments applied at the tire-road contact.
COMPLIANCE STEER COEFFICIENT
The rate of change in compliance steer with respect
to change in forces or moments applied at the tire-road contact.
COMPLIANCE UNDERSTEER
Compliance steer which increases vehicle understeer
or increases vehicle oversteer.
COMPONENT
A single-function unit, such as a transmission.
COMPONENT DESIGN
Is the activity having responsibility for, but not
limited to, the design of specific single components; this includes the
responsibility for materials, cost, weight, reliability, durability, function,
appearance, serviceability and ease of manufacture, consistent with pertinent
specifications and timing and financial objectives.
COMPONENT TEST VEHICLE
Is basically current production, revised, modified,
or reworked in certain areas to incorporate on e or more components which are
the design responsibility of the "PEO" initiating the test. These are
intended for initial testing and development on advance programs prior to
design and procurement of complete mating parts.
COMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT VEHICLE
Includes a component(s) being developed by a PEO
for which mating components designed by one ore more other PEO are required.
COMPRESSION
The relative displacement of sprung and unsprung
masses in the suspension system in which the distance between the masses
decreases from that at static condition.
COMPRESSION RATIO
Volume of air above the piston at bottom dead
center compared with volume of air at top dead center.
COMPRESSION STROKE
A phase of the four-stroke cycle when the air-fuel
mix is compressed.
COMPRESSOR
See air compressor.
COMPWCS
Comprehensive Weight Control System
CONCEALED DAMAGE
A damage to the contents of a package which is
apparently in good condition externally.
CONCEALED LOSS
Loss or damage that cannot be determined until the
package is opened.
CONCENTRIC
Having a common center.
CONCEPT VEHICLE
A current production vehicle modified to accept
installation of new design concepts for evaluation of environmental functional
feasibility. Components used for this purpose may be handmade or produced from
preliminary experimental tools and need not be dimensionally compatible with
the final intent.
CONCRETE
A paving material consisting of an aggregate of
stones of assorted sizes held together with a cement binder; bituminous
concrete, Portland cement concrete.
CONDENSER
An element usually found in the distributor (in
gasoline engine ignition systems) that stores electricity for a short period of
time.
CONDITIONS FACTORS
Deficiencies in basic attributes of roads,
vehicles, or people, as related to highway transportation and permanently or
temporarily modified, that contribute to operational factors.
CONDUCTOR
A train service employee in charge of train or yard
crew. Also called yard Foreman.
CONFLICTING ROUTES
Two or more routes over which movements can not be
made simultaneously without possibility of collision.
CONNECTING CARRIER
Motor carriers which interchange trailers with
another for completion of shipments.
CONNECTING ROD
Rod that connects the piston to the crankshaft.
CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
If the net torque (t) on a body remains constant,
its angular momentum will remain constant in magnitude and direction Angular momentum has magnitude (iw) and is
directed along the axis of rotation.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
The principal of physics stating that the amount of
energy in a closed system is constant regardless of the changes in form of that
energy. Used in accident investigation
in estimating vehicle speed from the distance required to slide to a stop and
other applications, such as speed from damage.
CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
If the resultant external force acting on a system
of bodies is zero (0), the vector sum of the moments of the objects will remain
constant. In collision, the vector sum
of the moments just prior to impact equals the sum of the moments just after
impact.
CONSIGN
To send or address goods to another.
CONSIGNEE
One to whom something is shipped.
CONSIGNEE MARKS
A symbol placed on packages for export, consisting
of such things as a square, triangle, diamond circle, cross, etc. with designed
letters and or numbers for the purpose of identification.
CONSIGNMENT
A shipment.
CONSIGNOR
The person by who articles are shipped (also known
as the shipper).
CONSIST
The make up of a freight train in terms of car
types.
CONSPICUITY
Ability to be easily seen or noticed, readily
observable. Attracting special attention as by outstanding qualities.
CONSTANT MESH
Transmission gears which are constantly in mesh.
CONSTANT-VELOCITY UNIVERSAL JOINT
A universal joint which transmits rotation with
constant velocity between output and input shafts.
CONSTRUCTIVE PLACEMENT
When, due to some disability on the part of the
consignor or consignee, a car can not be placed for loading or unloading, it is
considered as being under constructive placement and subject to demurrage rules
and charges, the same as if it were actually placed.
CONTACT DAMAGE
Deformation or defacement resulting from direct
pressure of another object or surface in an impact, direct damage, Compare with
induced damage.
CONTACT PATCH
The portion of the tire that is in contact with the
road surface. Also called the tire foot
print.
CONTAINER
Anything in which articles are packed.
CONTAINER (VAN BODY TYPE)
A truck or trailer body provided with means for
ready removal from and attachment to a vehicle.
CONTAINER CAR
A flat of open top car such as a gondola on which containers
of freight are loaded.
CONTAINERIZATION
Shipping system based upon large cargo-carrying
containers that easily can be interchanged between trucks, trains and ships
without re handling the contents.
CONTINUOUS SEAL
A term denoting that the seals on a truck remained
intact during the movement of the truck from origin to destination or, if broken in transit, that it was done
by proper authority and without opportunity for loss to occur before new seals
were applied.
CONTRABAND
Illegal or prohibited traffic or freight.
CONTRACT CARRIER
A company that engages in for hire transportation
of property under individual contract or agreement with one or a limited number
of shippers.
CONTROL
(air line;
See air lines)
CONTROL POINT
A location where the signals and / or switches of a
traffic control system are operated and /or controlled from a distant location
by a dispatched.
CONTROLLED FINAL POSITION
A final position reached because of a conscious
effort of some person to modify the motion of a traffic unit after an accident.
CONTROLLED SIDING
A siding, the use of which is governed by signals
under the control of a train dispatcher or operator.
CONTROLLED STOP
The ability to retard the vehicle(s) to a complete
stop from any speed without wheel hop, chatter or lockup.
CONVENTIONAL TRUCK CHASSIS
In a conventional truck chassis, the engine is
located forward of the driver position, and the chassis style is characterized
by a long hood over the engine.
CONVERTER
Hydraulic-type clutch multiplying the torque of the
engine in infinitely variable ratios.
CONVERTER GEAR OR DOLLY
The coupling device composed of one or two axles
and a fifth wheel by which a semi trailer can be coupled to the rear of a
tractor-trailer combination, forming a double-bottom rig.
CONVERTIBLE
A truck or trailer that can be used either as a
flat-bed or open top by means of removable side panels.
CONVERTIBLE BOOT
A covering usually held in place with snap
fasteners, over the folded-down soft top.
CONVERTIBLE STACK
That part of a convertible top which projects above
the beltline or deck when the top is folded down.
CONVEX MIRROR
A type of mirror having a convex shape in order to
show a larger field of view than can be obtained from a flat mirror of the same
size.
COOLANT
Liquid used in cooling system to dissipate engine
heat.
COORDINATE MEASUREMENTS
A method of locating any spot in an area by two
measurements from the nearest point to the spot on a specified reference line;
1) the distance and direction from that point to the spot and 2) the distance
and direction from that point to a specified reference point on the reference
line.
COPE
Upper section of flask used in casting metal.
CORD SEPARATION
Cord separation occurs when tire cords part from
adjacent rubber compounds.
CORDS
Cords are the strand forming the plies in the tire.
CORE
On a radiator, a tubular fin structure acting as a
heat exchanger for engine cooling fluids.
CORNERED
A term used when a car has been struck by another
car because it was not in the clear.
See In the clear.
CORNERING LIMIT
The maximum lateral acceleration at given speed.
CORNFIELD MEET
Head-on collision between two trains using the same
main track.
COS/MOS
Complimentary-metal oxide semiconductor, a type of
integrated circuit logic which employs field effect transistors.
COULOMB DAMPING
Damping in
which a constant force opposes the vibratory motion.
COUNTER STEER
The application of a steer torque in the direction
opposite to that in which the vehicle is turning, or in the direction in which
a turn is intended.
COUNTERCLOCKWISE
Direction in opposite direction to the hands of a
clock.
COUPLER
An appliance for connecting cars or locomotives
together. Government regulations
require that these must couple automatically by impact and must be uncoupled
without going between the cars.
COUPLER CENTERING DEVICE
An arrangement for maintaining the coupler normally
in the center line of draft but allowing it to move to either side when a car
is rounding a curve while coupled to another car.
COUPLER KNUCKLE LOCK
The block which drops into position when the
knuckle closes and holds it in place, preventing uncoupling.
COUPLER LOCK LIFTER
The part of the mechanism inside the coupler head
which is moved by the uncoupling rod and, in moving, lifts the knuckle lock so
that the knuckle can open.
COURSE ANGLE
(v) is the
angle between the trace of the vehicle velocity vector on the X-Y plane and
X-axis of the earth-fixed axis system.
COVER
A trim panel which protects the ACRS module until
system actuation and then opens, permitting the cushions to deploy.
COVERED GONDOLAS
Gondolas which have been equipped with some form of
removable cover which can be placed over the lading to protect it from weather
exposure in transit. Used primarily for
loading sheet steel in coils or bundles without the necessity of packing.
COVERED HOPPER CAR
A hopper car with a permanent roof, roof hatches
and bottom opening for unloading. Used
for carrying cement or other bulk commodities.
COWL
The cowl is that portion of an automobile between
the engine compartment and the driver. The
cowl ordinarily contains the instrumentation which is visible to the driver.
Cp
(Process Potential Index) is an index which is the
ratio of the tolerance range to the six sigma process spread without regard to
the location of the data.
"C" PILLAR
Third pillar in roof, counting from the front.
Cpk
(Process Capability Index) An index which considers
both the process spread and the proximity of the process spread to
specification limits.
CPM
(Component Parts Manufacturers) "Tier I and
II" customer accounts that supply component parts to the automotive
industry.
CPV
Capacity Planning Volume
CR/CR
(Concern Report/Change Request) is the system for
reporting and resolving concerns throughout Ford operations.
CRAMP ANGLE
Maximum turn of steering wheels in either
direction, measured in degrees.
CRANK PRESS
A crank shaft actuated mechanical press of single
action. May be solid or equipped with air cushions for secondary action.
CRANKCASE VENTILATION
Vent system for crankcase, provides for burning of
oil vapor rather than exhausting to atmosphere.
CRANKSHAFT
A shaft within the engine having one or more cranks
for transmitting motion the connecting
rods transmit motion between the pistons and the crankshaft.
CRASH BARS
Metal tubing mounted to the frame to protect
occupants if an upset occurs.
CRASH III
A computer program developed by Calspan Corporation
under the sponsorship of NHTSA to aid in accident investigation and
reconstruction. "CRASH" Calspan Reconstruction of Accident Speeds on
the Highway.
CRASH RECORDER
A device which records crash levels and improper
ACRS maintenance. It is attached to the sensor.
CRASH SENSOR
A device which detects an impact, judges its
severity, and if ACRS deployment threshold is reached, provides an actuation
signal to the inflator.
CREASE LINE
Discernible line in the body exterior skin caused
by an abrupt change in surface.
CREEPER GEAR
(slang)
Lowest gear or combination of gears used for extra power.
CREST
An ornamental device. The hallmark of a car line,
series or body style, usually in stylized heraldic shield shape.
CREW
General term used to describe the individuals
working together as a unit, such as train crew.
CRIB
That portion of ballast between two adjacent ties.
CRITICAL DAMPING
The minimum amount of viscous damping required in a
linear system to prevent the displacement of the system from passing the
equilibrium position upon returning from an initial displacement.
CRITICAL SLIP
Critical Slip is the wheel slip at which a tire
develops its maximum brake or drive slip resistance. See Slip.
CRITICAL SLIP ANGLE
Critical Slip angle refers to the angle at which a
tire develops its maximum cornering slip resistance. See Slip Angle.
CRITICAL SPEED
The term "Critical Speed" means the
maximum speed at which a vehicle can negotiate a curve, 2. That forward speed
for an oversteer vehicle at which the steering sensitivity at zero lateral
acceleration trim is infinite.
CRITICAL SPEED SCUFFS
See Centrifugal Skid Mark.
CRITICAL VELOCITY
A velocity above which a particular highway curve,
or a curve demanded by the driver, could be negotiated by a motor vehicle
without a yaw; the speed at which the centrifugal force of a vehicle following
a specific curve exceeds the traction force of the tires on the surface.
CROOK
An abrupt change of direction of a tire mark due to
collision forces. The crook often
indicates the position of a tire at first contact.
CROSS SLOPE
( see Super elevation)
CROSS TIE
The transverse member of the track structure to
which the rails are spiked to provide proper gage and to cushion, distribute,
and transmit the stresses of traffic through the ballast to the roadbed.
CROSSING (track)
A structure used where one track crosses another at
grade, and consisting of four connected frogs.
CROSS-MEMBER
Structural shape tying in side rails of frame.
CROSSOVER
Two turnouts with track between, connecting two
nearby and usually parallel tracks.
CROWN ROADWAY
The amount by which the center of a roadway is
higher than the edge, usually for drainage purposes.
CROWSFEET
Visible lines of distortion radiating
intermittently along a flanged break line or offset.
CRUISE SPEED
90% of maximum geared speed.
Operation where the Vehicle Speed is controlled by the cruise control routine. ( Detroit )
CRUISE ECONOMY
Cruise Distance divided by Cruise Fuel. ( Detroit )
CRUISE FUEL
Fuel consumed during cruise control operation. ( Detroit )
CRUISE PERCENT
Trip Cruise Time divided by Driving Time. ( Detroit )
CRUISE TIME
Time accumulated during cruise control, in HH:MM:SS format. ( Detroit )
CRUSH DISTANCE
Crush distance is the amount of permanent
deformation which a vehicle, or object, experiences as a result of impact. The crush distance is measured from the
original bodyline to the damaged area.
CRUSH ENERGY
The amount of energy used up in crushing the vehicle
structure in a collision.
CRYOGENIC LIQUID
A refrigerated liquefied gas having a boiling point
colder than 130 F (54.4 C).
CS
(Characteristic Standard) Engineering standards
which include a complete listing of safety/emission inspection/test and general
characteristics of a component group. (Chrysler derived)
CSA
Cross section area used for costing mass estimate.
CSM
Cold splice mitre corner glued.
CTC
(Concept to Customer) Ford new product development
cycle timing plan that established benchmarks for significant product
development events within a 48 hour period.
CTL
Cut to length.
CTLN
Cut to length and notch.
CUBE
Three-dimensional representation of the allowable
dimensions of a vehicle under development. Also a grouping of exterior die models
arranged in their proper position to check continuity of surfaces.
CUBIC CAPACITY
The carrying capacity of a truck measured in cubic
feet.
CUBIC CENTIMETER
A metric volume measurement (CC) equal to
approximately 0.061 cubic inches.
CUBIC FOOT
A common measure of the capacity of a truck, 1,728
cubic inches.
CUBING OUT
Utilizing full cargo space provided by truck or
trailer body or container.
CURB HEIGHT
Height of the vehicle without passengers or trunk
load.
CURB WEIGHT
Curb weight is the weight of a motor vehicle with
standard equipment maximum capacity of engine fuel, oil, and coolant: and if so
equipped, air conditioning and additional weight of optional engine.
CURING
A stage required by some synthetic materials,
notably Fiberglass, after forming and before further use.
CURRENT
Flow of electrical energy.
CURRENT OF TRAFFIC
The movement of trains on a track in designated
direction specified in the time table.
CURRENT REGULATOR
A device that controls the amperage output of a
generator.
CUSHION UNDER FRAME
A term commonly used to designate the frame work of
a rail way car which is designed to prevent the shocks and impact stresses from
damaging the car structure or its lading.
The principle involved is the application of a center sill member which
is detached and permitted to travel longitudinally in either direction through
the bolster cross bearings and end sills.
This travel is resiliently or hydraulically resistant and controlled by
high capacity cushion gears located within the center sills.
CUSTOM HOUSE
The governments office where duties, tolls, import,
or export taxes are paid.
CUT
1) To uncouple a car. 2) A group of cars coupled
together. 3) The part of the right away which is excavated out of a hill or
mountain instead of running up over it or being tunneled through it.
CUTLINE
A groove etched in a clay model to represent a
door, hood, or decklid opening.
CUTOUT COCK (air brake)
A valve which, when closed, will bypass or cutout
the brake system for that car. The closing of this valve does not interfere
with the operation of the brakes on the other cars in the train.
CUTOUT RELAY
A magnetic switch used to open and close the
electric circuit between the battery and the generator.
CV WINDOW
Controlled Ventilation. A movable glass pane
directly aft of the "A" pillar and separate from the side window.
CYCLE
1) Cycle of oscillation is the complete sequence of variations in displacement which occur during a period. 2) Calendar Year
References
Detroit Diesel
Caterpillar User's Manual